8月29日特斯拉老總馬一龍又召開了一個釋出會——招聘會。宣佈了他於2016年成立的新公司Neuralink 取得了“重大”進展，併為大家帶來了新產品，就是這枚硬幣大小的裝置。
Elon Musk， the boss of Tesla， held another press conference on August 29th， ah， no， a job fair， announcing that his new company， Neuralink， which was founded in 2016， had made “significant” progress and brought a new product， a device the size of a coin。
它擁有8毫米的“超薄”外觀， 植入式“隱形”設計，支援高達24小時的超長續航及無線充電，植入手術由這個神奇的機器人完成，需要掀起你一小塊頭蓋骨，將裝置植入，再用替換材料封口即可。
With an 8mm “ultra-thin” appearance and an implantable “invisible” design， it supports up to 24 hours of ultra-long battery life and wireless charging。 The implant is performed by this magical robot， which needs to lift a small piece of your skull， implant the device， and seal it with a replacement material。
官方宣稱耗時僅需一小時，植入大腦全過程機器會精準避開腦內所有血管，聽說不會流一滴血。。。。正宗的頭不斷、髮型也不亂，讓你尊享上午入院、下午出院的極速體驗。
Officials claim that it takes only an hour， and during the whole process of implantation into the brain， the machine will accurately avoid all the blood vessels in the brain， and it is said that it will not shed a single drop of blood。。。 no need for surgery， and your hairstyle is not messy， you can enjoy the extremely fast experience of being admitted to the hospital in the morning and discharged in the afternoon。
然而到了功能展示環節，馬斯克卻基本只演示了腦機介面界的一些常規操作。。。 很顯然他這支成立5年不到的新團隊，雖然表面上看起來很牛掰，實則並沒有像他吹的牛皮那樣取得了實質性突破。
However， when it comes to the functional display， Musk basically only demonstrated some routine operations in the brain-computer interface。。。 It is obvious that his new team， which has been established for less than five years， looks awesome seemingly， but has not made a substantial breakthrough like he bragged before。
這到底是什麼原因造成的呢？腦機介面又是個什麼東西呢？將來可以讓我實現意念打遊戲嗎？
What on earth is the cause of this？ What is the brain-computer interface？ Can I play games using my mind in the future？
我是電動EMMA。今天和大家聊聊
腦機介面未來的五大應用場景
，到底會不會從夢想照進現實！
I am Emma。 Today， I will talk about the five major application scenarios of the brain-computer interface in the future， and whether it will come from a dream to a reality in the end！
我分別跟中、美、歐多位腦機介面的從業者聊完後，發現他們對馬斯克的這個釋出會存在兩極化的評價：
After talking to a number of brain-computer interface practitioners in China， the United States and Europe， I found that there was a polarization of Musk’s press conference：
一方面，做科研的腦機介面大佬都認為馬斯克就是個大忽悠，釋出會貌似挺炫酷，其實沒啥實質性技術突破；08年那隻能意念控制機械臂的猴子，16年就成功在公屏上打出莎士比亞名言“To be or not to be“的猴子，哪隻靈長類不比這頭腦機介面的豬技術含量高？
On the one hand， the specialists engaged in the brain-computer interface all think that Musk is an arrant liar， and the press conference seems cool， but there is no substantial technological breakthrough； the monkey that could use its mind to control the robotic arm in 2008， successfully typed Shakespeare’s famous words “To be or not to be” in 2016。 Which primate is not more technical than this brain-computer interface pig？
但另一方面，工程和商業領域的大佬們又直呼馬總威武，儘管技術突破貌似平平無奇，實則下了盤大棋，因為腦機介面的應用場景千千萬，馬斯克似乎又一次在一個龐大產業出現拐點的前夜，提前出發了。
But on the other hand， the bigwigs of engineering and business think it is awesome。 Although the technological breakthrough seems to be mediocre， he actually is playing the long game， because there are so many applications of brain-computer interface， and Musk once again seems to have set out early on the eve of an inflection point in a huge industry。
我們現在是用手跟手機進行互動，腦機介面可以讓你的大腦直接跟裝置互動，你可以透過大腦活動，也就是腦電訊號，來控制外部裝置，比如說每次想打“保護”，都可以不用手了。每一次想打Emma好闊愛，都可以直接用意念傳送了。前段時間淘寶還發布了個”意念購“，用大腦意念就能下單購物，喜歡買買買的剁手族不用再剁手了，以後只能靠你媽管住你的意念了。
We are now interacting with the phone by hands， while the brain-computer interface allows your brain to interact directly with the device， and you can control external devices through brain activities， that is， EEG。 For example， every time you want to type“protect”， you can do it without your hands。 And every time you want to type that “Emma is so cute”， you can send it directly with your mind。 Some time ago， Taobao released a “taobao neurabuy”， that is， you can place an order for shopping with your brain。 The people who like to buy don’t have to chop their hands anymore， for they can only rely on their mothers to control their minds。
之前在DannyPal也說過，腦機介面也分兩種：非侵入式和侵入式，區別有點像動刀整容和普通醫美：一個需要透過手術把植入物放你身體裡，另一個不用動刀、只靠儀器就能實現讓人腦跟機器對接。
As mentioned before at DannyPal， there are two kinds of brain-computer interface： non-intrusive and intrusive， and the difference between them is a bit like plastic surgery and ordinary medical beauty： one requires surgery to put the implant in your body， and the other can connect the human brain to the machine without a scalpel， only by the device instead。
我們先聊聊聽上去更炸的侵入式腦機介面，也就是馬斯克透過這頭豬豬展示的：開啟你腦門，放個”晶片“進去，用來接收、記錄、並且刺激你的大腦活動。
Let me first talk about the more astounding one——- intrusive brain-computer interface， which Musk demonstrated through this pig： open your forehead and put a “chip” in it to receive， record， and stimulate your brain activity。
這隻豬木得選擇，就被馬斯克“腦機結合”了。但我們正常人，誰願意讓別人開啟頭顱放個晶片進去？所以這個技術的應用場景，註定小眾，剛開始肯定只限於非常極端的醫療康復，比如說大腦有嚴重創傷的病人。
This pig had no choice， so it was “brain-computer combined” by Musk。 However， which one of us normal people wants to let someone open our head and put a chip in it？ So the application scenario of this technology is destined to be a minority， and it must be limited to extreme medical rehabilitation in the beginning， such as patients with severe brain trauma。
馬斯克做演講有個特點，別人是畫餅，他是畫蛋糕，喜歡把牛吹得不分層次。我還記得SpaceX初期，他零部件還在設計，就已經在吹“殖民火星”了。啊這…… 大哥，你這個目標也太遙遠了吧，那第一步也要先把火箭造出來呀！這次腦機介面的釋出會也是這個套路，都還沒實現把晶片植入到跟人腦更接近的猴腦上，就已經開吹這項技術如何如何包治百病、全面普及了。
Musk has a characteristic when he gives a speech： other pie in the sky， but he “cakes” in the sky and likes to brag at different levels。 I still remember that in the early days of SpaceX， when the parts being designed， he was already boasting of “Colonizing the Mars”。 Ah， man， your goal is too far away， but the first step is to make the rocket！ The launch of this brain-computer interface conference was also following the same routine。 Even before the chip is implanted into the monkey’s brain， which is closer to the human brain， he has already boasted about how this technology can cure all diseases and become widely available。
我最擅長做的工作呢，就是給馬斯克的小作文劃重點、辨真偽、分層次。從現在的技術成熟度看，“腦機介面”的醫療應用，會有
三個階梯
。
What I am good at doing is to highlight， distinguish between the true and the false， and divide the layout of Musk’s small composition。 Judging from the current technological maturity， there will be three ladders for the medical application of the “brain-computer interface”。
最成熟的是
運動控制
，也就是透過植入的晶片對人體四肢進行控制，讓帕金森患者不再手抖，幫助截癱病人重新走路。2014年在巴西世界盃開球的“截癱男人”，就是運用人機介面技術實現的。所以當馬斯克說，這項技術能幫到截癱和癲癇病人，牛比吹得還是靠譜的，起碼現在實驗室已經實現了。
The most mature one is movement control， that is， through the implanted chip， the limbs of the human body can be controlled， so that Parkinson patients will no longer shake their hands， and helping paraplegic patients walk again。 The paraplegic man who kicked off the World Cup in Brazil in 2014 was achieved by using man-machine interface technology。 So when Musk said that the technique could help paraplegic and epileptic patients， the boast was reliable， at least now in the lab。
除了對四肢的控制，人機介面的下一個方向就是
感知覺控制
，透過植入的晶片對視覺、聽覺等進行控制。一旦實現了，有機會讓世界上90萬聾啞人恢復交流能力、3900萬盲人重新看到世界，功德無量！不過現在，我們想用神經訊號去控制感知覺還完全沒門：神經通路沒明白，神經表達也不清楚，短期技術鐵定無法突破，馬斯克這波牛，是在火星。
In addition to the control of the limbs， the next direction of the man-machine interface is perceptual control， which controls vision， hearing and so on through the implanted chip。 Once realized， there will be an opportunity to restore the communication ability of 900000 deaf-mute people in the world and 39 million blind people to see the world again， which is a great service to mankind。 Now， however， there is no way for us to use neural signals to control perception： the neural pathway is not understood， the neural expression is not clear as well， so short-term technology will definitely not be able to breakthrough。 Musk is absolutely telling a Mars-level lie。
更難更扯的醫療功效，是透過人機介面來
對認知能力進行控制和修復
，比如馬斯克口中的”記憶上傳“、“把你的記憶下載到另一個人的大腦中”，就玄學到讓所有神經科學家直接翻白眼。借用哈佛博士Jeff Lichtman的比喻：如果用一公里的路來代表我們完全搞懂了大腦，現在我們在這段路上大約走了2釐米，馬斯克這波牛，用現在的技術看，簡直是直接發射到太陽系外了。
The more difficult and ridiculous medical effect is to control and repair cognitive abilities through man-machine interface， such as what Musk calls “memory uploading” and “downloading your memories to another person’s brain”， which was such a metaphysics that made all neuroscientists roll their eyes directly。 To borrow the analogy of Dr。 Jeff Lichtman of Harvard： if we use a kilometer of road to represent that we have fully understood the brain， now we have walked about 2 centimeters along this section of the road。 Musk’s this boast， in today’s technology， is simply launched directly out of the solar system。
但鋼鐵俠畢竟是鋼鐵俠，除了吹牛吹上火星，確實有他的過人之處。無論是電動車、火箭還是人機介面，
馬斯克最初的小目標，都不是技術上做到最完善突出，而是商業化的潛力
，Neuralink也是這樣。
But Iron Man is Iron Man after all， for apart from bragging， there is something special about him。 Whether it’s electric automobiles， rockets or man-machine interface， Musk’s initial small goal is not to achieve the best technical prominence， but the potential for commercialization， as is the case with Neuralink。
今天Neuralink展示的人機介面技術，十年前就已經有人做出來了。但它的亮點在於，推出了無線充電植入物、而且還是個體積這麼迷你、看上去輕便友好的植入物。放進身體裡的醫療裝置，肯定越小越簡潔、越容易讓人接受。你甭管最終技術能達到哪一步，就拿Neuralink這個迷你產品跟實驗室裡的人機介面“插線板”PK，你說投資人和消費者更買誰的單？
The man-machine interface technology demonstrated by Neuralink today was made ten years ago。 But its highlight is the introduction of wireless charging implant， such a small， lightweight-looking implant。 The smaller and the more concise the medical equipment put into the body is， the easier it is to accept。 No matter what the final technology can achieve， if the Neuralink mini product battles with the man-machine interface in the lab， who do you think investors and consumers will pay for？
不止是Neuralink， 世界上95%的侵入式腦機介面技術，都在拿醫療康復作為切入口。但人機結合未來的應用，肯定不止在醫院和實驗室裡。
Not only Neuralink， but 95% of the world’s intrusive brain-computer interface technology is also using medical rehabilitation as an entry point。 But the future application of man-machine combination is certainly not limited to hospitals and laboratories。
我下面說的一些腦機介面應用，一個比一個魔幻，但都是已經有公司在做的，歡迎彈幕吐槽這些用愛發電的技術先行者。
Some of the brain-computer interface applications I’m talking about below are more than magical， but they are already being done by companies。 Comments are welcome to complain about these technology pioneers。
有手就能玩的手遊，不用手也可以嗎？
You can play mobile games with hands， then can you play them without hands？
有錢就可以！
As long as you have money！
以後買一個這樣的裝置，戴頭上，就能捕捉你的腦電訊號，完全用大腦的活動操控整個遊戲世界，躺著也能實現意念打遊戲，真正實現躺贏，你難道能拒絕？
In the future， if you buy such a device and wear it on your head， it can capture your EEG， you can completely control the game world with the activity of your brain， meaning you can also play games with your mind when you lie down， really winning in a breeze。 Can you refuse that？
現在已經有這樣的裝置了，一家叫Neurable的公司開發的，給大家看看，就是線有點多，戴著有點重，髮型有點容易亂。但咱們肥宅能打遊戲的時候，誰還在意髮型呢？
Now there is such a device， developed by a company called Neurable。 Let me show you。 It has a lot of threads， and it’s a little heavy to wear it， which makes your hairstyle a little messy。 But when we fat indoors men play games， who cares about hairstyles？
上個月我在BW看到小姐姐的這個制服很喜歡，偷拍了下來，上傳至淘寶，找到同款，手動選size， 猶豫一小會兒，下單、支付，總共用了八步完成。
I really liked this uniform of the lass that I saw in BW last month， so I secretly photographed it， uploaded it to Taobao， found the same style， manually selected the size， hesitated for a while， placed an order and paid for it， which took a total of eight steps to complete。
產品經理們天天想的，就是怎麼
最佳化產品路徑，讓使用者以最少的點選到達終點。
What product managers think about every day is how to optimize the product path so that users can reach the destination with the least number of clicks。
比如淘寶在前段時間造物節釋出的意念購，其實就是讓你買買買的操作路徑更加簡單粗暴，跳到了手機下單環節，直接用大腦撥出”意念購系統“，進行推薦下單。
For example， the Taobao Neurabuy released by Taobao at the Creation Festival some time ago is to make the operation path of your purchase more simple and rough， when it comes to the process of issuing an order， you can directly use your brain to exhale the “Taobao neurabuy system” to recommend and place an order。
聽上去很玄乎吧，但未來可能真有可能實現你想啥買啥，想退貨就退貨，想打折就。。。嗯你想多了，別老想打折了，買多了有可能被你媽打一骨折。
It sounds mysterious， but it may be possible in the future to buy whatever you want， return it if you want， and give it a discount if you want。。。 well， forget it， don’t always think about discounts， for if you buy too much， you may be punished by your mother。
如果說腦機介面相當於植入人體的電腦，那意念購可能就是這臺電腦的操控系統，購物可能只是這臺電腦上軟體實現的第一個功能，未來還可能有更多應用場景。
If the brain-computer interface is equivalent to a computer implanted into the human body， then the mind-purchase may be the operating system of this computer， and shopping may only be the first function of the software on this computer， and there may be more applications in the future。
我們再腦洞大開一些，科幻一些：未來人類大腦更新知識，甚至購買虛擬女友，是否也可以像手機更新系統一樣簡單呢？ 比如購買樂譜植入大腦中，就像給你的英雄購買裝備一樣簡單，你們覺得有可能實現嗎？
Let us fill our mind with more visions and ideas and more magical： in the future， can the human brain update knowledge， or even buy a virtual girlfriend， as easily as a mobile phone update system？ For example， buying music score and implanting it into your brain is as simple as buying equipment for your hero。 Do you think it is possible？
聰明人可以一目十行，量子波動可以閉眼千行，但再聰明的人，說話和打字的速度都有限。
Smart people can read ten lines at one glance， and quantum fluctuations can take in a thousand lines， but no matter how smart they are， the speed of speaking and typing is limited。
我試了下，手機上每秒平均打3個字；Rap God姆爺的舌頭是破過吉尼斯記錄的，每秒也只能rap7。46個字。
I tried and typed an average of 3 words per second on the phone。
Rap God Eminem’s tongue broke the Guinness record and can only rap7。46 words per second。
這個輸出效率極低的問題怎麼破？腦機介面說：你走開讓我來。
How to solve the problem of extremely low output efficiency？ The brain-computer interface said， “Go away and； Leave it to me”。
臉書從17年就已經在發力研究怎麼透過腦外裝置收集腦電波、直接生成語言，不用口說不靠手打，每秒蹦出100個字無壓力。真正做到“我思故我在”，裁縫都沒我快。腦袋裡的想法跳過口手，直接轉換成滿屏文字。
Facebook has been studying how to collect brainwaves through extra-brain devices and generate language directly since 2017， without speaking or hands， and 100 words could be generated per second easily。 This is the real “I think therefore I am”， and the tailor is not as fast as me。 The thoughts in your head skip the mouth and hands and turn directly into screenful words。
攝像頭和釘釘都只能監控你有沒按時上學上班。但腦機結合裝置，可以直接監測你的大腦。現在腦機介面最火的公司之一BrainCo，開發出了個頭環，不到5000塊，帶頭上就能顯示你的專注程度。
Cameras and DingTalk can only monitor whether you go to school and work on time。 But the brain-computer device can directly monitor your brain。 Now BrainCo， one of the hottest companies with brain-computer interface， has developed a head ring， which is worth less than 5000 yuan and can show your concentration。
赤橙黃綠青藍紫，你有沒有認真聽我說話，有沒有專心看我影片，頭環一戴見分曉。紅色說明你愛我，橙色表示還行，藍色就直接分手吧，勉強沒有幸福。
Red， orange， yellow， green， cyan， blue and purple， do you listen to me carefully？ Do you pay attention to my video？ I can tell as soon as you wear the head ring。 Red means you love me， orange means that’s OK， and blue means we should just break up， for if you are reluctant to be together， there will be no happiness。
還有一款更萌的，由日本公司Neurowear推出。這個貓耳朵在你忘我學習時，會豎起來；注意力還算及格，會來回搖擺；開小差時，貓耳朵直接會塌下來。感覺好適合知識區大V、up主佩戴。。。。。
There is a cuter one， launched by the Japanese company Neurowear。 This cat’s ears will stand up when you study absorbedly； if your attention is just a little focused， they will swing back and forth； when you are absent-minded， the cat’s ears will collapse directly。 I feel that this is suitable for the KOL and uploaders in the knowledge area。。。
大家來看一眼這個著名的
Gartner新興技術週期曲線
，像腦機介面這類前沿科技，其實還處於萌芽上升階段。
Let’s take a look at this famous Gartner Emerging Technology Cycle Curve。 Cutting-edge technologies such as brain-computer interface are actually still in their infancy。
無論是剛剛講過的Neuralink的侵入式腦機結合、還是淘寶的意念購等等，要想真正商用普及，挑戰還真不小。
Whether it is the intrusive brain-computer combination of Neuralink just mentioned， or the Taobao Neurabuy， etc。， it is a big challenge to really realize the commercial popularization。
侵入式腦機介面，最大的問題是植入後與大腦的相容性。我們的人腦不僅有堅硬的頭顱作為頭盔保護，還有血腦屏障來阻礙一切外物入侵。想讓一個植入的晶片克服造物主精心設計的大腦排他性，而且還要解決長期放置電極的感染問題，這難度堪比讓懂王be humble！
The biggest problem with the invasive brain-computer interface is the compatibility with the brain after implantation。 There is not only a hard skull as a helmet to protect the human brain， but also a blood-brain barrier to prevent anything from invading。 It is difficult to get an implanted chip to overcome the brain‘s exclusivity carefully designed by the Creator and to solve the problem of infection caused by the long-term placement of electrodes， which is as difficult as letting the King of “nobody knows better than me” be humble。
非侵入式的腦機介面呢，也有技術剋星，那就是腦機資訊傳輸的效率問題。人腦中的神經元有860多億個，而且神經元大多都藏在皺褶之中。現在根本沒啥技術的穿透性和覆蓋面，能夠精細記錄或者刺激神經元訊號，所以現存的人機介面裝置，其實都只是低階玩家。
As for the non-intrusive brain-computer interface， there is also a technical nemesis， that is， the efficiency of brain-computer information transmission。 There are more than 86 billion neurons in the human brain， and most of them are hidden in folds。 At present， there is no technical penetration and coverage， which can finely record or stimulate neuronal signals， so the existing man-machine interface devices are actually low-level players。
馬斯克的這場小豬釋出會成功刷屏，讓話題焦點都集中在了腦機介面和神經科學上，但也扯出了不少哲學問題。
Musk’s little pig press conference successfully flooded the screen， which not only focused on brain-computer interface and neuroscience but also raised a lot of philosophical issues。
大腦就像潘多拉的盒子，沒人知道該不該開啟，應該怎麼開啟，或者開啟後會發生什麼。所以大家都只能摸著石頭過河。
The brain is like Pandora’s box， no one knows whether to open it， how to open it， or what will happen when it is opened。 So everyone can only cross the river by feeling the stones。
前沿科技的出現，本意往往都是美好的，比如腦機介面幫助殘障人士、娛樂大眾、更易操控等等，但往往在發展過程中都容易變了味，看過《黑鏡》的同學，你們懂的。所以對待前沿科技，谷歌曾經定下一條鐵律：
不拿科技作惡
，但實施起來卻。。。。 你看最近谷歌都在油管上瘋狂刪了啥？！
The original intention of the emergence of cutting-edge technology is often kind， for instance， the brain-computer interface can help the disabled， entertain the public， be easier to control， and so on。 However， it is often easy to change in the process of development。 Those who have watched Black Mirror should understand that。 So when dealing with cutting-edge technology， Google once laid down an iron rule： do not use technology to do evil， but when put it into practice。。。 Just take a look at what Google has deleted on Youtube recently？
在大國對抗的關鍵時期，我們從來不缺那些宣揚情緒的人，缺的是勤勤懇懇、踏實做事研究前沿科技的人，畢竟打嘴炮並不能讓我們跑贏。
積累基礎科學，掌握核心技術，才能避免讓別人掐住命運的咽喉。
In the critical period of great power’s confrontation， we are never short of people who promote their emotions， but those who work diligently and study cutting-edge science and technology down to earth。 After all， boasting can not let us win truly。 Only by accumulating basic science and mastering the core technology can we avoid letting others hold the throat of fate。
科技本身是有兩面性的，邪惡的人會拿它來幹壞事，善良的人會用它讓世界變得更加便利美好。其實不只是科技，世界萬物都如此，就像我喜歡的電影《放牛班的春天》裡，一群不良少年在耐心善良的老師引導下，也能唱出天籟之音。
Technology itself has two sides， evil people will use it to do bad things， while kind people will use it to make the world more convenient and beautiful。 In fact， it’s not just technology， but everything in the world， just like in my favorite movie Les Choristes， a group of bad teenagers can sing the sounds of nature under the guidance of a patient and kind-hearted teacher。
這就是我今天想分享的所有內容，如果你喜歡這期內容，別忘了點贊關注。我是電動Emma，左手科技，右手文藝，我們下回再見。
That’s all I want to share today。 If you like this video， don’t forget to like it and follow me。 I am Emma， technology in left-handed， literature in right-handed。 See you next time。
文稿/錄音：電動Emma
剪輯/視覺：DannyData影片小組
排版：Xuyang
